In the Shadow of the Almighty
Psalm 91 summary: what it means
Psalm 91 is about living under God's protection. It opens with the person who dwells in the secret place of the Most High and rests in the shadow of the Almighty. The speaker declares the LORD his refuge and fortress. Then the psalm speaks to the reader directly, listing dangers that will not reach them: the snare, the pestilence, terror by night, the arrow by day, destruction at noon.
The reason given in verse 9 is that the reader has made the LORD their refuge. Angels will guard them and bear them up. In the last three verses the voice changes, and God speaks. Because this person loves him and knows his name, he will answer, be with them in trouble, deliver them, and satisfy them with long life.
Psalm 91: In the Shadow of the Almighty
World English Bible, public domain. allpsalms.com/psalm-91
Psalm 91 commentary: explained verse by verse
He who dwells in the secret place of the Most Highwill rest in the shadow of the Almighty.
He that dwelleth in the secret place of the most High shall abide under the shadow of the Almighty.
The psalm opens with a place rather than a request. The one who dwells in the secret place of the Most High will rest in the shadow of the Almighty. Living there is the condition, and rest is the result.
Also read Isaiah 32:2, Psalm 27:5, Judges 9:15, 1 John 4:15-16
I will say of the LORD, “He is my refuge and my fortress;my God, in whom I trust.”
I will say of the LORD, He is my refuge and my fortress: my God; in him will I trust.
The speaker makes it personal: I will say of the LORD, he is my refuge and my fortress, my God, in whom I trust. The rest of the psalm grows out of this statement.
Also read Psalm 46:1, Deuteronomy 33:27-29, Genesis 17:7, Hebrews 11:16
For he will deliver you from the snare of the fowler,and from the deadly pestilence.
Surely he shall deliver thee from the snare of the fowler, and from the noisome pestilence.
The first promise names two dangers: the snare of the fowler and the deadly pestilence. A fowler is someone who traps birds, so the snare is a hidden trap, while pestilence is disease. The KJV reads surely he shall deliver thee from the snare of the fowler, and from the noisome pestilence.
Also read 1 Kings 8:37, Numbers 16:46-48, Psalm 91:6, Ecclesiastes 9:12
He will cover you with his feathers.Under his wings you will take refuge.His faithfulness is your shield and rampart.
He shall cover thee with his feathers, and under his wings shalt thou trust: his truth shall be thy shield and buckler.
God's protection is pictured with feathers and wings, the image of a bird sheltering what is under it. The same verse switches to military words, calling his faithfulness a shield and rampart. Tenderness and strength sit side by side.
Also read Matthew 23:37, Isaiah 43:1-2, Psalm 138:2, Psalm 61:4
You shall not be afraid of the terror by night,nor of the arrow that flies by day,
Thou shalt not be afraid for the terror by night; nor for the arrow that flieth by day;
The dangers are listed by time of day. The reader need not be afraid of the terror by night or the arrow that flies by day. Verse 6 continues with pestilence in darkness and destruction at noon.
Also read Luke 12:20, Job 5:19-27, Psalm 27:1-3, Hebrews 13:6
nor of the pestilence that walks in darkness,nor of the destruction that wastes at noonday.
Nor for the pestilence that walketh in darkness; nor for the destruction that wasteth at noonday.
This verse finishes the list of fears begun in verse 5. The pestilence walks in darkness and the destruction wastes at noonday, so danger is pictured at night and at midday alike. Verse 5 has already told the reader not to be afraid of any of them.
Also read Exodus 12:29-30, 2 Samuel 24:15, Numbers 16:48, Psalm 121:5-6
A thousand may fall at your side,and ten thousand at your right hand;but it will not come near you.
A thousand shall fall at thy side, and ten thousand at thy right hand; but it shall not come nigh thee.
A thousand may fall at your side and ten thousand at your right hand, but it will not come near you. The verse sets the reader apart from what is happening all around.
Also read Exodus 12:12-13, Genesis 7:23, Psalm 32:6, Numbers 14:37-38
You will only look with your eyes,and see the recompense of the wicked.
Only with thine eyes shalt thou behold and see the reward of the wicked.
The reader will only look on and see the recompense of the wicked. The protected person is a witness to judgment, not its target.
Also read Psalm 37:34, Hebrews 2:2, Malachi 1:5, Psalm 92:11
Because you have made the LORD your refuge,and the Most High your dwelling place,
Because thou hast made the LORD, which is my refuge, even the most High, thy habitation;
This verse gives the reason for the promises: you have made the LORD your refuge and the Most High your dwelling place. It echoes the dwelling and refuge language of verses 1 and 2.
Also read Psalm 91:1-2, Psalm 90:1, Psalm 142:4-5, Psalm 71:3
no evil shall happen to you,neither shall any plague come near your dwelling.
There shall no evil befall thee, neither shall any plague come nigh thy dwelling.
No evil shall happen to you, neither shall any plague come near your dwelling. The promise follows from verse 9, where the LORD is made the reader's dwelling place, so the home is pictured as kept. The KJV reads there shall no evil befall thee, neither shall any plague come nigh thy dwelling.
Also read Psalm 121:7, Romans 8:25, Proverbs 12:21, Job 5:24
For he will put his angels in charge of you,to guard you in all your ways.
For he shall give his angels charge over thee, to keep thee in all thy ways.
God will put his angels in charge of the reader to guard them in all their ways. The protection is described as constant, covering every path the person takes.
Also read Psalm 34:7, Luke 4:10-11, Matthew 4:6, Hebrews 1:14
They will bear you up in their hands,so that you won’t dash your foot against a stone.
They shall bear thee up in their hands, lest thou dash thy foot against a stone.
The angels will bear the reader up in their hands so that their foot does not strike a stone. The picture is small and ordinary: a stumble on a road.
Also read Matthew 4:6, Psalm 37:24, Job 5:23, Isaiah 46:3
You will tread on the lion and cobra.You will trample the young lion and the serpent underfoot.
Thou shalt tread upon the lion and adder: the young lion and the dragon shalt thou trample under feet.
You will tread on the lion and cobra, and trample the young lion and the serpent underfoot. After the dangers the reader is kept from, this verse pictures the reader walking over them. The KJV names the lion, the adder, the young lion and the dragon.
Also read 2 Timothy 4:17, 1 Samuel 17:37, Daniel 6:22, Job 5:23
“Because he has set his love on me, therefore I will deliver him.I will set him on high, because he has known my name.
Because he hath set his love upon me, therefore will I deliver him: I will set him on high, because he hath known my name.
God speaks in his own voice from here to the end. Because this person has set his love on God and known his name, God says he will deliver him and set him on high.
Also read Psalm 9:10, Psalm 59:1, Philippians 2:9-11, Isaiah 33:16
He will call on me, and I will answer him.I will be with him in trouble.I will deliver him, and honor him.
He shall call upon me, and I will answer him: I will be with him in trouble; I will deliver him, and honour him.
Four promises follow in a row: he will call and I will answer, I will be with him in trouble, I will deliver him, and I will honor him. Trouble is not ruled out. God promises to be with him in it.
Also read Isaiah 43:1-2, Isaiah 65:24, Revelation 3:21, 1 Peter 5:4
I will satisfy him with long life,and show him my salvation.”
With long life will I satisfy him, and shew him my salvation.
The psalm ends with long life and salvation. God will satisfy him with long life and show him his salvation, the last word of the psalm.
Also read Luke 2:30, Proverbs 3:16, Isaiah 45:17, Proverbs 3:2
A prayer from Psalm 91
Most High, I come to dwell in your secret place and to rest in the shadow of the Almighty. I say of you, LORD, you are my refuge and my fortress, my God, in whom I trust. Deliver me from the snare of the fowler and from the deadly pestilence. Cover me with your feathers, and let me take refuge under your wings. Let your faithfulness be my shield. When I am afraid of the terror by night or the arrow that flies by day, keep me in your shadow. I make you my refuge and my dwelling place. Put your angels in charge of me, to guard me in all my ways. I set my love on you and call on your name. Answer me, be with me in trouble, and show me your salvation. Amen.
Psalm 91 Bible study questions
- In verse 1, what two pictures describe where the person who trusts God dwells and rests?
- In verses 5 and 6, which dangers are named, and at what times of day do they come?
- Verse 15 promises that God will be with him in trouble; how does that line sit alongside the promises of safety in verses 7 and 10?
- Which picture in this psalm, the shadow, the wings, the fortress or the shield, speaks most to you, and why?
- Psalm 121:5 calls the LORD your shade on your right hand; how does that compare with the shadow of the Almighty in Psalm 91:1?
Questions about Psalm 91
What does Psalm 91 mean?
It describes the safety of the person who lives close to God, lists dangers that will not reach them, and ends with God promising to answer, be with, deliver and honor the one who loves him.
Who wrote Psalm 91?
The psalm has no heading and does not name its author.
What does Psalm 91:11 mean?
It says God will put his angels in charge of the person who trusts him, to guard them in all their ways. Verse 12 adds that the angels will bear that person up so their foot does not strike a stone.
What does Psalm 91:14 mean?
It is the start of God's own speech. Because the person has set his love on God and knows his name, God promises to deliver him and set him on high.
What does Psalm 91:9 mean?
It gives the reason for the psalm's promises: the reader has made the LORD their refuge and the Most High their dwelling place.
How does the King James Version word Psalm 91:1?
The KJV reads "He that dwelleth in the secret place of the most High shall abide under the shadow of the Almighty."
Does Psalm 91 promise that nothing bad will ever happen?
The psalm speaks in strong promises, such as no evil shall happen to you in verse 10. The New Testament warns against treating it as a guarantee to test: in Matthew 4:6 the devil quotes verses 11 and 12 to Jesus, and Jesus answers in 4:7, You shall not test the Lord, your God. The psalm itself ends with God saying, I will be with him in trouble, in verse 15.
Psalm 91 KJV: the King James Version
He that dwelleth in the secret place of the most High shall abide under the shadow of the Almighty.1
I will say of the LORD, He is my refuge and my fortress: my God; in him will I trust.2
Surely he shall deliver thee from the snare of the fowler, and from the noisome pestilence.3
He shall cover thee with his feathers, and under his wings shalt thou trust: his truth shall be thy shield and buckler.4
Thou shalt not be afraid for the terror by night; nor for the arrow that flieth by day;5
Nor for the pestilence that walketh in darkness; nor for the destruction that wasteth at noonday.6
A thousand shall fall at thy side, and ten thousand at thy right hand; but it shall not come nigh thee.7
Only with thine eyes shalt thou behold and see the reward of the wicked.8
Because thou hast made the LORD, which is my refuge, even the most High, thy habitation;9
There shall no evil befall thee, neither shall any plague come nigh thy dwelling.10
For he shall give his angels charge over thee, to keep thee in all thy ways.11
They shall bear thee up in their hands, lest thou dash thy foot against a stone.12
Thou shalt tread upon the lion and adder: the young lion and the dragon shalt thou trample under feet.13
Because he hath set his love upon me, therefore will I deliver him: I will set him on high, because he hath known my name.14
He shall call upon me, and I will answer him: I will be with him in trouble; I will deliver him, and honour him.15
With long life will I satisfy him, and shew him my salvation.16
Psalm 91 in Hebrew
The Hebrew text from the Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. Verse numbers follow the Hebrew Bible, which counts a psalm's heading as verse 1, so they can run one ahead of English Bibles.
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1 יֹ֭שֵׁב בְּסֵ֣תֶר עֶלְי֑וֹן בְּצֵ֥ל שַׁ֝דַּ֗י יִתְלוֹנָֽן׃
2 אֹמַ֗ר לַֽ֭יהוָה מַחְסִ֣י וּמְצוּדָתִ֑י אֱ֝לֹהַ֗י אֶבְטַח־בּֽוֹ׃
3 כִּ֤י ה֣וּא יַ֭צִּֽילְךָ מִפַּ֥ח יָק֗וּשׁ מִדֶּ֥בֶר הַוּֽוֹת׃
4 בְּאֶבְרָת֨וֹ ׀ יָ֣סֶךְ לָ֭ךְ וְתַֽחַת־כְּנָפָ֣יו תֶּחְסֶ֑ה צִנָּ֖ה וְֽסֹחֵרָ֣ה אֲמִתּֽוֹ׃
5 לֹא־תִ֭ירָא מִפַּ֣חַד לָ֑יְלָה מֵ֝חֵ֗ץ יָע֥וּף יוֹמָֽם׃
6 מִ֭דֶּבֶר בָּאֹ֣פֶל יַהֲלֹ֑ךְ מִ֝קֶּ֗טֶב יָשׁ֥וּד צָהֳרָֽיִם׃
7 יִפֹּ֤ל מִצִּדְּךָ֨ ׀ אֶ֗לֶף וּרְבָבָ֥ה מִימִינֶ֑ךָ אֵ֝לֶ֗יךָ לֹ֣א יִגָּֽשׁ׃
8 רַ֭ק בְּעֵינֶ֣יךָ תַבִּ֑יט וְשִׁלֻּמַ֖ת רְשָׁעִ֣ים תִּרְאֶֽה׃
9 כִּֽי־אַתָּ֣ה יְהוָ֣ה מַחְסִ֑י עֶ֝לְי֗וֹן שַׂ֣מְתָּ מְעוֹנֶֽךָ׃
10 לֹֽא־תְאֻנֶּ֣ה אֵלֶ֣יךָ רָעָ֑ה וְ֝נֶ֗גַע לֹא־יִקְרַ֥ב בְּאָהֳלֶֽךָ׃
11 כִּ֣י מַ֭לְאָכָיו יְצַוֶּה־לָּ֑ךְ לִ֝שְׁמָרְךָ֗ בְּכָל־דְּרָכֶֽיךָ׃
12 עַל־כַּפַּ֥יִם יִשָּׂא֑וּנְךָ פֶּן־תִּגֹּ֖ף בָּאֶ֣בֶן רַגְלֶֽךָ׃
13 עַל־שַׁ֣חַל וָפֶ֣תֶן תִּדְרֹ֑ךְ תִּרְמֹ֖ס כְּפִ֣יר וְתַנִּֽין׃
14 כִּ֤י בִ֣י חָ֭שַׁק וַאֲפַלְּטֵ֑הוּ אֲ֝שַׂגְּבֵ֗הוּ כִּֽי־יָדַ֥ע שְׁמִֽי׃
15 יִקְרָאֵ֨נִי ׀ וְֽאֶעֱנֵ֗הוּ עִמּֽוֹ־אָנֹכִ֥י בְצָרָ֑ה אֲ֝חַלְּצֵ֗הוּ וַֽאֲכַבְּדֵֽהוּ׃
16 אֹ֣רֶךְ יָ֭מִים אַשְׂבִּיעֵ֑הוּ וְ֝אַרְאֵ֗הוּ בִּֽישׁוּעָתִֽי׃
Psalm 91 in the Catholic Douay-Rheims Bible
The Douay-Rheims Bible, 1899 edition, public domain. It follows the Greek and Latin numbering, so this psalm is Psalm 90 there.
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1 The praise of a canticle for David. He that dwelleth in the aid of the most High, shall abide under the protection of the God of Jacob.
2 He shall say to the Lord: Thou art my protector, and my refuge: my God, in him will I trust.
3 For he hath delivered me from the snare of the hunters: and from the sharp word.
4 He will overshadow thee with his shoulders: and under his wings thou shalt trust.
5 His truth shall compass thee with a shield: thou shalt not be afraid of the terror of the night.
6 Of the arrow that flieth in the day, of the business that walketh about in the dark: of invasion, or of the noonday devil.
7 A thousand shall fall at thy side, and ten thousand at thy right hand: but it shall not come nigh thee.
8 But thou shalt consider with thy eyes: and shalt see the reward of the wicked.
9 Because thou, O Lord, art my hope: thou hast made the most High thy refuge.
10 There shall no evil come to thee: nor shall the scourge come near thy dwelling.
11 For he hath given his angels charge over thee; to keep thee in all thy ways.
12 In their hands they shall bear thee up: lest thou dash thy foot against a stone.
13 Thou shalt walk upon the asp and the basilisk: and thou shalt trample under foot the lion and the dragon.
14 Because he hoped in me I will deliver him: I will protect him because he hath known my name.
15 He shall cry to me, and I will hear him: I am with him in tribulation, I will deliver him, and I will glorify him.
16 I will fill him with length of days; and I will shew him my salvation.
Psalm 91 in Latin
The Clementine Vulgate, public domain, where this psalm is Psalm 90.
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1 Laus cantici David. Qui habitat in adjutorio Altissimi, in protectione Dei cæli commorabitur.
2 Dicet Domino: Susceptor meus es tu, et refugium meum; Deus meus, sperabo in eum.
3 Quoniam ipse liberavit me de laqueo venantium, et a verbo aspero.
4 Scapulis suis obumbrabit tibi, et sub pennis ejus sperabis.
5 Scuto circumdabit te veritas ejus: non timebis a timore nocturno;
6 a sagitta volante in die, a negotio perambulante in tenebris, ab incursu, et dæmonio meridiano.
7 Cadent a latere tuo mille, et decem millia a dextris tuis; ad te autem non appropinquabit.
8 Verumtamen oculis tuis considerabis, et retributionem peccatorum videbis.
9 Quoniam tu es, Domine, spes mea; Altissimum posuisti refugium tuum.
10 Non accedet ad te malum, et flagellum non appropinquabit tabernaculo tuo.
11 Quoniam angelis suis mandavit de te, ut custodiant te in omnibus viis tuis.
12 In manibus portabunt te, ne forte offendas ad lapidem pedem tuum.
13 Super aspidem et basiliscum ambulabis, et conculcabis leonem et draconem.
14 Quoniam in me speravit, liberabo eum; protegam eum, quoniam cognovit nomen meum.
15 Clamabit ad me, et ego exaudiam eum; cum ipso sum in tribulatione: eripiam eum, et glorificabo eum.
16 Longitudine dierum replebo eum, et ostendam illi salutare meum.
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Psalm 91 at a glance
| Verses | 16 |
| Heading in the text | No heading |
| Attributed to | Not named in the text. Psalm 91 has no heading, so it names no author. |
| Type | Trust |
| Number in Greek and Latin Bibles | Psalm 90 |
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Psalm 91 in other translations
This page prints the World English Bible and the King James Version because both are public domain. The NIV, ESV, NKJV, NLT and NASB are under copyright, so they cannot be printed in full here. You can read Psalm 91 in those translations at Bible Gateway.
Where Psalm 91 belongs
How this page was made
The psalm text comes from public domain translations and is not edited. The summary, the verse notes and the answers are written for this page from the text of the psalm itself. Where a claim goes beyond the text, it is sourced below.
Sources
- Text: World English Bible and King James Version, both public domain, from ebible.org source
- Hebrew text: Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain, from ebible.org source
- Douay-Rheims: Douay-Rheims Bible, 1899 edition, public domain, from ebible.org source
- Latin text: Clementine Vulgate, public domain, from ebible.org source
- Numbering: Greek and Latin psalm numbering, Wikipedia, Psalms source